Tuberculosis is a potentially serious infection that primarily affects the lungs. The bacteria that cause tuberculosis are spread from person to person through small droplets released into the air by coughing and sneezing. Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that most often affects the lungs and is caused by a type of bacteria. It spreads through the air when infected people cough, sneeze or spit. Tuberculosis is preventable and curable. About a quarter of the global population is estimated to have been infected with TB bacteria